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Modals (Kata Bantu) atau
Auxaliary Verb
Modals
adalah auxiliary verbs (kata kerja bantu).
Secara umum, modal auxiliaries digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sikap atau
suasana hati si pembicara. Contohnya, modal auxiliaries dapat mengekspresikan
bahwa si pembicara merasakan bahwa sesuatu tersebut merupakan necessary (kebutuhan), advisable (baik
untuk dilakukan), permissible (diizinkan/ diperbolehkan), atau possible
(mungkin untuk dilakukan).
Bentuk Modal Auxiliaries
· Can
· Could
· Will
· Would
· May
· Might
· Must
· Should
· Shall
·
Ought to
Modals harus diikuti dengan
kata kerja bentuk pertama (VERB 1). Tidak perlu menambahkan akhiran -s/-es walaupun
Subjectnya: He, She, It
Similar Expression (Ekspresi
Serupa) dari Modal Auxiliaries
Can = be able to do it
Must = have to do it
Daftar diatas adalah
ekspresi serupa yang memiliki makna yang sama dengan pasangan modals-nya
masing-masing.
Namun,
yang akan kita bahas disini hanya 4 bentuk, yaitu Can, May, Must, Will
Rumus :
Modals diletakkan sebelum kata kerja
karena fungsinya kata kerja pembantu.
Subject + Modals + Verb
Infinitive (Kata kerja dasar)
1.
Can/Could (bisa/ dapat)
Perbedaan Penggunaan :
· Can : Digunakan untuk
menyatakan kemampuan seseorang pada saat ini (Present Time).
· Could : Digunakan untuk
menyatakan kemampuan seseorang melakukan sesuatu pada masa lampau (Past Time)
atau menyatakan kalimat yang sopan.
Kegunaan :
· To ask for
permission (Meminta izin)
Contoh : Can/ Could I use your cell
phone?
· To express
polite request. (Mengekspresikan
permintaan sopan)
Contoh : Could you get me some
water, please?
· To express
ability to do something
(Mengekspresikan kemampuan untuk melakukan sesuatu)
Contoh : I can speak English.
Positive
Sentence
(+)
|
Negative
Sentence
(-)
|
Interrogative
Sentence
(?)
|
I can dance on the floor
|
I can’t dance on the floor
|
Can you
dance on the floor ?
|
She can speak French
|
She can’t speak French
|
Can she
speak French ?
|
We can ice-skate very well
|
We can’t ice-skate very well
|
Can we
ice-skate very well ?
|
Positive
Sentence
(+)
|
Negative
Sentence
(-)
|
Interrogative
Sentence
(?)
|
My mother
could run fast when she was still
young
|
My mother
couldn’t run fast when she was
still young
|
Could your
mother run fast when she was still young ?
|
I could swim when I was a child
|
I couldn’t swim when I was a child
|
Could you swim
when you was a child ?
|
He could take care of her when she was
still life
|
He couldn’t take care of her when she
was still life
|
Could he take care of her when she was still life
?
|
2.
May/Might (boleh/ mungkin)
May &
might kadang-kadang memiliki hampir arti yang sama , mereka digunakan untuk
berbicara tentang kemungkinan di masa lalu , sekarang atau masa depan.
May
kadang-kadang sedikit " lebih yakin " ( 50 % kemungkinan ), sedangkan
might mengungkapkan lagi keraguan ( mungkin hanya kesempatan 30 % ).
Kegunaan :
· To express
more formal permission (Mengungkapkan
izin yang lebih formal)
Contoh : May I meet your wife, sir?
· To express
prohibition (Mengekspesikan
larangan)
Contoh : You may not smoke here.
· To show
possibility (Menunjukkan
kemungkinan)
Contoh : She may join the English
Club.
· To express
wish (Mengungkapkan harapan)
Contoh : May God bless you all the
time.
3.
Must/Have to (harus/ pasti)
Kegunaan :
· Digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang harus dilakukan.
· To talk
about necessity (Membicarakan
keperluan)
Contoh : I must/ have to buy some
foods for breakfast.
· To express
obligation (Mengekspresikan kewajiban)
Contoh : They must/ have to obey the
medical rules.
· To express
prohibition (Mengekspresikan
larangan)
Contoh : You must not eat in the
office.
· To express
conclusion (Mngungkapkan kesimpulan)
Contoh : Brian got a bad score. He
must be a lazy student.
Other
Example :
1. Ani looks pale. She must see the doctor.
2. You mustn’t be late for school.
4. Will
Biasa
digunakan untuk membuat kalimat Future Tense. Modals ini memberitahu sebuah
perilaku yang akan dilakukan.
Kegunaan :
·
Making personal predictions (Membuat prediksi
pribadi)
I don't think
the Queen will ever abdicate.
I doubt if I'll stay here much
longer.
·
Talking about the present with
certainty (making deductions) (Berbicara
tentang masa kini dengan pasti ( melakukan pemotongan))
I'm sure you
will understand that there is nothing the Department can do
There's a letter for you. It'll
be from the bank: they said they'd be writing.
·
Talking about the future with
certainty (Berbicara tentang masa depan dengan
kepastian)
I won't be in
the office until 11; I've got a meeting.
Don't bother ringing: they'll
have left for their 10 o'clock lecture.
·
Talking about the past with certainty (Berbicara
tentang masa lalu dengan pasti)
I'm sure you
will have noticed that attendance has fallen sharply.
·
Reassuring someone (Meyakinkan
seseorang)
Don't worry!
You'll settle down quickly, I'm sure.
It'll be all right! You won't
have to speak by yourself.
·
Making a decision (Membuat keputusan)
For the main
course I'll have grilled tuna.
I'm very tired. I think I'll stay
at home tonight
·
Making a semi-formal request
(Membuat
permintaan semi formal)
Will you open
the window, please? It's very hot in here.
Sign this, will you?
·
Offering to do something
(Menawarkan
untuk melakukan sesuatu)
You stay
there! I'll fetch the drinks.
·
Insistence; habitual behavior (Desakan ; perilaku kebiasaan)
I'm not
surprised you don't know what to do! You will keep talking in class.
Damn! My car won't start. I'll
have to call the garage.
·
Making a promise or a threat (Membuat janji atau ancaman)
You can count
on me! I'll be there at 8 o'clock sharp.
If you don't finish your dinner
off, you'll go straight to bed!
CATATAN:
Kita tidak perlu menambahkan do atau
don’t ketika menggunakan modals dalam kalimat tanya dan kalimat negatif,
contohnya:
You must not talk in the exam.
Should we submit the task now?
Contoh Soal Modals Auxiliary
1. …
you please check my paper for grammar errors ?
a. Can
b. May
2. She
… do more than two tast at one time yesterday.
a. could
b. can
3. Vira
has very smooth skin. She … apply olive oil to her face before going to bed.
a. may
b. must
4. You
… throw litter from your vehicle because it can pose a risk to the environment.
a. can’t
b. musn’t
5. If
I ask a question about your past. … you answer it?
a. will
b. would
6. Your
glass is empty. … i get you some more fresh water?
a. will
b. can
7. We
… like to visit that new store some day.
a. can
b. will
8. “Rini
is old enough. She … know better than the others about it.
a. will
b. may
9. They
… study hard, because next April they … take the examination.
a. must
& will
b. can
& may
10. You
… permit to your mother, if you go to
school.
a. must
b. may
11. She
… come here tomorrow.
a. will
b. can
12. He
… speak English well.
a. can
b. may
13. You
look like having trouble there. … I help you ?
a. will
b. can
14. My
father … play guitar when he was child
a. could
b. must
15. They
sky so dark, it … be rain
a. may
b. must
16. There’s
a baby area, you … smoke here.
a. mustn’t
b. mayn’t
17. My
motorcycle runs out of oil. I … buy it because I will ride it to the meeting.
a. must
b. can
18. You
are sick, but you don’t see a doctor. You … visit him soon.
a. may
b. must
19. I
don’t have enough money to buy lunch. … you lend me a couple of dollars ?
a. can
b. may
20. Professor
Villa, we’ve finished our work for today. … we leave now, please ?
a. may
b. must
Created by: Shin Jae Mi
Posted by: SanSun
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